Promotional Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Promotional Strategies - Essay shellPromotion of a mathematical product involves the achievement of two objectives, and that is to provide information of the product to the targeted market, and to effectively dribble the targeted market into purchasing the product. Advertising is extremely useful in reaching all message lay out to any targeted market, while its relative impact on persuading the targeted market into purchase is low. Yet, it does both, and this is dependable for any product and in any sector of industry making it the effective form of promotion for all products.The primal advantage of advertising is that it is the least expensive in terms of per individual cost and less measure consuming in spreading consumer behavior oriented information on a product to any target market, when compared to personal selling. Such messages can be got across to the targeted markets through different forms of media and the Internet trueheartedly, and at much lower costs than what it would take a team of sales representatives to achieve. The advent of the Internet has provided a means for advertisement at rase lower costs than conventional advertisements through print and television set media (1). Words and images used in advertisements can trigger consumer positive reactions in wide target markets, even spread across the globe at a relatively low cost, and in very quick time (2).The disadvantage of advertising lies in the impact that it can create in the target market. thence deliberate planning must go into the creation of an advertisement, with extreme care being taken in the words and images used. An advertisement is like an arrow. Once it is let loose it cannot be called back, and if the message it carries creates negative feelings of either the product or the business enterprise involved in it the consequences will be disastrous. This is particularly true when products are marketed globally, and advertisements used for their promotion. Care has to be taken see

Case study-BP Deepwater Horizon platform disaster,LA May 2010 Research Paper

Case study-BP Deepwater Horizon platform disaster,LA May 2010 (Emergency and disaster management) - seek topic ExampleOne of these assorts was stakeholders and authorities in the area of inunct emergency and disaster management. The other group comprised of ordinary inhabitants who were in one way or the other victims of the BP Oil Spill Disaster. Through encompassing analysis of data collected, it came to light that if at that place were strict standards in place, the BP Oil Spill disaster could declare been avoided. Partly to be blamed for the disaster also was the absence of law enforcement as far as guard practices in the oil colour and gas labor are concerned. To this regard, recommendations on the enactment and enforcement of basic safety laws in the oil and gas industry were made. Indeed the implementation of these recommendations would be a gain maltreat towards the dream of ensuring disaster free operation in the oil and gas industry. INTRODUCTION Background to th e adopt Oil is one of the major sources of revenue and income for government. Apart from this, the usefulness of oil and gas to the running of topical anaesthetic and international industries as well as the use of oil as the major source of thrust for the country are some other reasons why oil and gas exploration might non end any time soon in America. According to the API (2011), oil and natural gas industry that supports 9.2 million U.S. jobs and 7.5% of our nations GDP. Yet again, these are reasons why oil exploration continues to be prevalent to the United States government. These benefits notwithstanding, there is the need to ensuring that oil and gas exploration becomes absolute blessing to the country quite a than a curse. In most countries, oil curse has been a term that stands for tensions and disputes that arise out of the distri furtherion of funds that are accrued from the mining of oil where some faction claim ownership of the oil and thus a greater share of the revenue. Clearly, the United States has developed beyond such uprisings. However, the issue of expiration of large and harmful quantities oil in the course of oil and gas extraction is perhaps a curse that the country has not been exempted from yet. As technology and the invention of complex machinery and equipment abound, one would have pass judgment that news of oil spillage would hardly be heard among oil companies in the United States simply the April 2010 BP oil spillage incidence did not just come to be an ordinarily spillage but one that was serious enough to be classified as a disaster. It is not surprising accordingly that Lintner (2010) posits that the BP Oil Spill is the greatest environmental disaster in United States history. Such as some other oil spill disasters come with thorning effects on living species and the environment at large. Typically in the case of BP in April 2010, there was massive lost of living creatures in the ocean while wet in the ocean and th e soil at the immediate shore had their own versions of destruction. Then of course there was lost of thousands of US dollars that could have been channeled into national development. Due to the harsh consequences that come with such disasters as oil spill, the researcher is committed to using this research as a platform to delve into the causes, effects, management and streak of oil spill disasters by using BPs case as a case study. Research Aims and Objectives This is a case study that aims at revisiting

Word-of-Mouth to Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Word-of-Mouth to Marketing - Essay ExampleToday word-of- oral fissure merchandise includes several(prenominal) categories of communication such as buzz, blogs, and viral market where Internet communities and other interactive social media ar utilised for word-of- sass marketing. Influencer marketing is another form of word-of-mouth marketing wherein personalities who be believed to be highly influential over the target audience are make use of for promotion of products and services. grape vine marketing has gained a great deal of importance as a marketing technique due to its effectiveness, which in turn is due to its credibility. This is because word-of-mouth communication is considered to be honest and without any selfish motive. This credibility is what is made use of by marketers who use the technique of the word of mouth. People usually ask other population like their friends, family, colleagues and others, whom they trust, when they decide to purchase something and before they begin to look for what brand or label to buy. line marketing is actually giving citizenry a reason to talk about your stuff, and making it easier for that conversation to take place (Sernovitz, 2006, p.3). As simply put by Sernovitz (2006, p.3), it is ein truththing you dismiss do to get people public lecture.People are more often than not buying a product not in response to the marketing campaigns of the product, but in response to what other people may be talking about the product. Research shows that people gather information from marketing materials and then talk the products over with their friends, family or other close associates. Then they make a decision about buying the product in response to what others say about the product (Silverman, 2001, p.6). Hence marketers have realized that the best way to summation sales of their products is by getting the customers to sell them. Word-of-mouth communication is now the focal point of marketing and the most effective met hod for sales promotion.Another factor that increases the significance of the word of mouth is that we are now in the information age where we are overwhelmed with more information than we can handle. This, in improver to busy schedules, leaves no time for extensive research, investigation and deliberation. Hence traditional advertising is on the pass up and the word of mouth has become a necessary time saver (Silverman, 2001, p.10).Impact of the word of mouth in marketingThere are several factors that render the word of mouth very the right way and effective. The most significant factor is that the word-of-mouth communication can be very influential and can persuade a prospective buyer to buy a product. Another factor is that the word of mouth communication is based on personal experience and therefore the possibility of expected result is very high. The independent nature of the word-of-mouth communication makes it more credible. Besides, while word-of-mouth communication is cu stom-made, relevant and complete, it is self-generating and self-breeding, suppuration exponentially and sometimes explosively (Silverman, 2001, p.37). It has unlimited speed and scope, and is very inexpensive to stimulate, amplify and sustain (Silverman, 2001, p.37). Word-of-mouth co

International Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleEven the superiors argon capable of misuse of power and the subordinates accept this trend silently. They focus on the individuals talent to leadership and initiative. Here, every individual are highly motivated about their work and hold on to their ambitions to be reached. Whereas, research showing that PD index lower amongst the elite class in Britain than amid of the functional classes.The PDI score at first seems dissimilar with the well established and historical aristocrat class corpse and its depicts one of the intrinsic tensions in the British culture between the importance in birth ramble on the one side and a profoundly rooted belief that where one have been borned raise not be the barrier for the way far he can go. Logic of fair hunt they maintain that drives an idea that one should be treated in a number of way as equals. The fundamental issue addressed by Individualism this measurement isthe scale of inter-rel ationships in a association followed by its members.It has to do with whether throngs self-image is defined in terms of I or We.In Individualist societies people are supposed to look after themselves and their direct family only. In Collectivist gilds people belong to in groups that take care of them in exchange for loyalty.China is highly collectivist cultured, where individuals act for the sake of the group and not only for themselves. In their culture family gets the highest preference among all, fealty towards the organization is noticeably poor. Relationship with their well-wishers and the hand-to-hand ones is collaborative, where as showing of dislikeness or acting neutrally for the outer people is also visible in their behavior. They give higher importance upon personal relationships and in caring of the closer ones. UK is highest among almost all the countries, preceded by only few of commonwealth countries it spawned that is, USA and Australia.

IMPROVING JOB SATISFACTION AND MORAL THROUGH EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Essay

IMPROVING JOB SATISFACTION AND example THROUGH EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION - Essay ExampleExtrinsic motivators dont do ofttimes in this regard that is why intrinsic motivators like mirth. Employees rate pleasant working conditions like a gift from the firm (Organ, 1988). In a study conducted by Burke and Wilcox (1969) it was found that a sporting effect was attributable to openness in communication between superior and a subordinate the greater openness of either superior or subordinate (or even both), the greater satisfaction of subordinate regarding quint variables that directly depend on satisfaction. These comprise of (1) Satisfaction with the Comp some(prenominal), (2) Satisfaction with the subscriber line, (3) Satisfaction with Performance Appraisal and increase Interview (climate for growth), (4) presence of a Helping Relationship, and (5) Satisfaction with Supervisor (Burke & Wilcox, 1969). This openness is more effective when initiated by the superior. When a superior ini tiates openness in conversation and behavior, the subordinate responds accordingly. The openness doesnt respond to any causal relationship (Burke & Wilcox, 1969). Communication is inevitable and absolutely essential for healthy functioning of an organization (Burke & Wilcox, 1969). layer of openness in communication process is the key element that decides its effectiveness (Burke & Wilcox, 1969). An organization can immediate payment in dividends by fostering effective communication and overcoming barriers to it (Burke & Wilcox, 1969). Summary Various studies have been conducted on recognizing patterns regarding job satisfaction. Obvious factors like personal preferences and the nature of job also play their part for an employee, but that is wholly on employees discretion.... The author concludes that effective communication doesnt need to be rigid and formal, in fact researches emphasize on the openness of communication and how it generates repose take aim between superior an d subordinate. kaput(p) are the days of threatening an employee with firing unless certain benchmarks are met. These days the nature of work has changed dramatically, it is non possible anymore to impose rigid measuring frames to qualify/quantify and employees performance. So to a lower tush this added complexity at work, how employers cope with job frustration and boredom from employees? They bring in the motivational language. Job satisfaction increases productivity, the more the workforce considers themselves a part of the corporate the more they contribute. Now the question dust as what qualifies as a positive motivator and what constitutes as a failure. Incentives and perks has their importance as salutary as effective communication. Moreover, communication needs to be effective in order to fulfill its purpose. The level openness in a talk between superiors and subordinates can achieve this effectiveness. This openness needs to be initiated by the superiors, as subordinat es respond to this openness in a desired way. Such rapport creates comfort level at job. The easier the work environment becomes the low the job turnover will be. Job satisfaction is also related with employee participation in corporate dynamics. The more the employees involve in work place affairs, the greater is job satisfaction as well as performance.

Theoretical Writing Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theoretical Writing Assignment - strive ExampleCultivation theory According to Gerbner (1969), picture determines how a person looks at society. Television is more often than not cordial to all people. Moreover, as Gerbner (1969) says, television is becoming very powerful because it is seen as a break up of redbrick living and personal lifestyle. Unlike other types of media, television is one media of mass communication that is accessible to people right from childhood (Bryant & Zillmann, 2002). In this case, the television becomes the main focus that people have acquired information, two general information and heathen reality. In this regard, as people grow old, television becomes a major(ip) part of determining how they view things. Reality is establish on the general information that people converge while growing up. Because of this, it can be said that a persons reality is based on the information they have gathered over time, whether in a formal or an informal way. A child in Africa who has no television may have a completely several(predicate) view of reality from one in the United States. In the developed world, television has become the sum of money of cultural learning. Cultural artefacts ar learnt through television. Television is a perfection of the society. Because most of the programs in television are fiction acted out by a well directed model, it creates the perfect world for individuals. The situation of television in the modern developed world can be best understood by looking at the way culture was passed on before mass media. Cultural festivals were important in every society as a way to hand down important cultures. In this case, the cultural festivals and other cultural norms passed down from the older generation acted as a way to create a reality for the society. It is important to note that even in early days before the arrival of modern mass media most of the cultural reality was created with the intention to achieve some thing. Modern television may be geared towards cultivating a reality that will promote consumerism to the benefit of the corporate world (Gerbner, et al., 1986). In the past, these perceive realities were created as a way to preserve the society and make people easy to govern. Looking at television, one can identify that television is just a modern extension of the tradition ship canal of passing on reality to the society. Before television, society created reality by telling specific stories which were told to children since they were boylike and this created a reality for them. There has not been much change about this due to a shape of reasons. First, a look at television shows that deletions is used to tell (factious) stories which are bent towards changing the way an individual thinks about reality (Paisley & Stone). This is why over fifty percent of American believes that there are aliens who have visited this plant with UFOs despite there being no scientific evidence of su ch events. knockdown-dragout TV shows There has been a greater overturn ion how violent television shows affects an individual, especially young adults. This debate is very important because it has very serious implications. Most people still believe that the various divulge incidences of mass shootings in public schools and other public places by young adults has been caused by violent pic games. So the question that every person should be answering is whether these people who have

Transformational Leadership.Criticisms And Arguments Against Essay

Transformational Leadership.Criticisms And Arguments Against Transformational Leadership - Essay showcaseI will go ahead and take my refuse on the matter and support my stand based on several writers and what they have written about transformational loss leadership. This is a paper that will extensively be a inquiry on the topic of criticism of transformational leadership. By the time you are undone reading this paper you will have shaped your opinion on the matter of transformational leadership. Theory of Transformational leadership Cox (2001) stated that there are two primary groups of leadership. He stated them as transformational and transactional. However, Downton (1973, as cited in Barnett et al. 2001) was the first who came up with the difference between transformational and transactional leadership but the concept garnered little wariness until the articles on political leaders by James McGregor Burns (1978) came to be published. According to Burns he made the distinct ion between transformational leaders as being outstanding/extraordinary leaders who take aim with supporters, with their focus on higher order intrinsic needs, and brought up awareness about the value of item results and new ways in which those results might be obtained and transactional leaders as being ordinary leaders who interchanged tangible/concrete benefits for the loyalty and work of supporters (Barnett et al. 2001 Cox 2001 Gellis 2001 Griffin 2003 Assess & Piccolo 2004). The theory of transformational leadership was shape up developed by Bernard Bass by questioning Burns perception of transformational and transactional leadership as opposites on a procession. Instead he suggested that they are individual ideas and that good leaders illustrate the features of both (Judge & Piccolo 2004, p. 755). Hitler is a good example given of a transactional leader while the best example of a transformational leader is Gandhi. The interest in transformational leadership is as a result of two tendencies (Simic 1998, p. 50). First, important international changes in the economy from the early 1970s meant that a lot of large companies in the west, such as AT&T and General Motors had to put into consideration extreme changes in their methods of conducting business. Some of the factors were the rapid changes in technology, an add in the circulation of products from recently industrialized nations, increased competitiveness among the competitors, pricing strategy in the Organization of petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) being volatile, and changing market structures led to a strong, volatile and competitive atmosphere in which important changes in the organization were crucial. Downsizing and adopting of new types of business agreement were the most common changes carried out. so these changes took their toll on employee empowerment and satisfaction. This broke the old social agreement that had long term battle and in exchange get the employees loyalty (Griffin 20 03, p. 1). Secondly, in the 1970s, we had the contingency theory on leadership. The theory on leadership was established in research of behaviors, character, and circumstances and did not account for several untypical features in leaders (Simic 1998, p. 50). These are the fact tendencies that led to the realization of the theory of transformation. Odom and Green (2003), based on research and the analysis of a number of legal cases, claim that when the concept of transformational leadership is used in good dilemmas that managers face there is less litigation and better moral results than if the transactional approach to values that is common was used. within academic surroundings, as a result of transformation

Pier Luigi Nervi and Santiago Calatrava - Protagonists of an Research Paper

Pier Luigi Nervi and capital of Chile Calatrava - Protagonists of an Engineering-based architecture - Research Paper ExampleTheir purposes in the industriousness are similar. On juxtaposing them, it is clear that they are really much a comparable. Architecture is the entire process of designing and putting the design into action to produce a complete product. Engineering based architecture employs the principles of architecture in solving engineering problems. These include aspects like construction of buildings, roads, dams, aircraft, and vehicle. The engineer applies architectural skills to ensure that the engineering problem is solved. This is the field of operation of these protagonists. Pier Luigi Nervi and capital of Chile Calatrava have been in the engineering based architecture industry for years. Their work is magnificent. They are renowned the solid ground over for their great work. They have Iconic structures which distinct them from the new(prenominal) players in t he field. There role in the field is that of a kingpin. They are undoubtedly the protagonists. They work internationally. They serve all kinds of clients from all corners of the world. There role in the field cannot be matched by other players. They have set very high standards in the field that are a pace setter for the rest of the players to emulate. It is out of proper dedication and resiliency that one is capable of achieving such a milestone. To be able to be a role clay sculpture to even one individual of sound mind is a mountain to climb. The fact that these players I the industry are an icon for others from all over the world is clear evidence that they are the protagonists in the industry. Santiago Calatrava Biography Santiago Calatrava is a Spaniard who was born in Valencia in the early 1950s. He is one of the some renowned engineering based architects. He is also a sculptor in addition to beingness an architect and a structural engineer. He got his first bachelors cl ass from the Polytechnic University of Valencia. He graduated with an honors degree in architecture. He followed this with a post graduate degree in urbanism. He later on moved to Zurich in Switzerland where he graduated with an honors degree in Civil Engineering from the Swiss national Institute of Technology. It was until he got his doctoral degree that he began practicing his engineering and architecture. He wrote a thesis on Space Frames foldability. Calatravas engineering background. Calatrava spend his early career in engineering based architecture concentrating on bridges and train stations. This was in the early 1990s. Even at this early stage of his career, he came up with projects that were revolutionary in nature. He changed the horizon for the engineering based architectural industry. His designs were magnificent. He was very lucky to be granted a spotlight at the early stage of his career by the international Olympic Games. These games were hosted in Barcelona in his h ome country of Spain. He had just completed his Muntjuic communications Tower. This was right in the middle of the Olympic site. With the full glares of the worldwide cameras, he stole the show with his design. It was a spectacle. This was followed by the Allen Lambert Galleria in the Canadian capital of Toronto. These projects marked the point of revolution in his career. He never looked back. Since then things have never been the same again in his line of work. He has risen to be an icon. He is a protagonist in the field. His techniques to link architecture and engineering in his design Calatrava is more like a genius. He employs the great architectural skills and background that he has into the urbane engineering skills and background that he again has to come up with state of the art designs. His designs give other architects an eye opener. They

Positive and Negative Impact of Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Positive and Negative Impact of Tourism - taste ExampleTourists are attracted to seek different experiences from another environment oftentimes different from their usual surroundings. Currently, tourism has become a popular global vacation activity that actually generates profits for the visited community and this go out contribute to its economic growth and development. Tourism is alive with dynamic growth, pertly activities, new destinations, new technology, new markets, and rapid changes. (Goeldner, 2008)The influx of tourists to a certain community will help local businesses sell their goods and go and even provide employment opportunities in the service industries related to tourism. These service industries cover transportation serve on land, sea, and air hospitality services much(prenominal) as hotels, resorts, and other venues for accommodations entertainment services such as amusement parks, casinos, bars and other music venues, shopping malls, theaters, spas and rest aurants. A parallel effect is argued with see to employment, wherein the labor-intensive tourism industry would provide a large number of direct and indirect jobs satisfactory in particular for largely unskilled labor forces bedeviled by high unemployment and underemployment. (Weaver, 2006) The need for some of these services is seasonal and unfortunately, the majority of these employment opportunities mean unimportant employments relating to low-skilled and low-waged levels. Most of the times these types of so-called employment flush toilet result in prostitution, drug trading, hustling, and gamblers. These will eventually lead to some negative lifestyles such as begging, the spread STD-related illnesses, hustling, and drug abuse.When there is growth in the tourism industry, the local government finds it necessary to mitigate some infrastructures such as new and passable roads will be built and grey-haired ones will be renovated especially those leading to tourist spots.

Application for a Job as an Advertiser Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Application for a Job as an Advertiser - probe ExampleMost of all my academic credentials are an elaboration to claim my remarks. Just as clarified in my credentials, I pretend demonstrated to be in a deep continue with both oral and written language. Next, after an internal internship with my learning institution, I am convinced that I have accumulated adequate communication skills. This comes after I was awarded on merit for exemplary perfor adult malece, by the information and communications technology department. Much to effect my career, I have mastered an open apt(p) approach to tackling everyday issues, this has not only drawn creativity in me distinctively but has excessively equipped me with the ability of innovation. Given the nature of activities the profession entails, I am compelled to extend my capacity to flexibility. I cant deny that I am often challenged with extreme working conditions. However, I have most often than not demonstrated good coping skills so that I guarantee victory in that which is expected of me. In any case, everyone needs orientation in any field. in-personly, I take for grantedt believe in empty directions but rather issue-based resolutions I am a man of action. To a minor extent, I have often compromised my interpersonal skills. For instance, when I strongly believe on my stand I am always driven into making it more stern thereby represent rigidity. However much I may be right, this should never be part of professionalism. Fortunately, I am hopeful that after a series of intensive seminars and exposure to the job market, I will doubtless be in a position of utmost professionalism. My Curriculum Vitae and Attachment Letter. POST APPLIED FOR 1. Personal Details SURNAME Bull INITIALS J. B. Permanent Address and Postcode P.O BOX, 2298-764 Westminster, K-4 Street, Dapard Address for correspondence (if different) N/A Telephone No(s) Home 11123647 Work 111240032 Email Address Onomtpoeihotmal.con Mobile 0766224365 Are we able to contact you at work? By Phone Yes / No= Yes By Email Yes / No=Yes no Do you ascertain a current full car driving license? Yes / No= No 2.

Baroque and Classicism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Baroque and Classicism - Essay ExampleOn the other hand, classicism in art is described as forms of artistic style during the late 15th century and defined as a movement that can be defined by its attention to traditional forms concentrating on culture and symmetry. It takes the art of the Greeks and Romans as its idea of perfection (artrepublic). Using these definitions, the current discourse hereby aims to contrast both distinct works of art the fancy art of Bernini, Ecstasy of St. Teresa, with the classicism of Poussin, Discovery of Achilles on Skyros. The Ecstacy of St. Teresa by Gian Lorenzo Bernini is reportedly found in the Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome (Khan Academy). Consistent with the characteristics and features noted from the definition of baroque art, the Ecstacy of St. Teresa exhibits the embodiment of movement, energy, intense spirituality and the apparent exemplified passions of the soul as could be viewed from the facial expression of St. Teres a. The expressed pass of movement could be viewed from the intricate folds of St. Teresas clothes, as well as that which was worn by the angel. Since the scenario seemed to portray that the angel had just allegedly pierced St. Teresas heart with a spear, the image of St. Teresa was in a suspended motion that apparently vividly shows her point of ecstacy. Therefore, the art work effectively represented baroque in terms of the effectiveness of the artist in capturing the intense passion on the face of his subject, St. Teresa.

MIDTERM EXAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

midterm examination EXAM - Essay ExampleOnce the People have promised their submission to such rules and accept to be governed by these laws do by legislatures in such forms, legislature can never delegate (Rosenbloom, 2014). On the contrary, the Supreme Court has uncovered that nondelagation dogma has no restriction on relative seeking assistant of the coordinate branches of the government (Rosenbloom, 2014). In thecase the between Mistretta v. United States, 488 U.S. 361, 372 (1989).Elements of Intelligence Principle must surveil the delegation to coordinate branches to which the delegated unit need to conform. The standard of delegation is potential to leave the agency that rule is delegated to with broad discretion (Rosenbloom, 2014). However, the challenge arises from the Congress delegating a power to an executive agency establish on the existing checks on the agencys discretion. An example is the caused between INS v. Chadha, 462 U.S. 919 (1983). The Supreme Court held t hat the Congress may not uphold a legislative veto over discretionary agency actions since it violates the Constitutional, legislative process of bicameral passage preceded by a presentment to the President. Therefore, the Congress had to follow a clump parliamentary procedure to scrutinize the discretion delegated to a particular agency. Justice Powel concurred that the ruling could be made on a narrower grounds since in case the Congress validates that a person fails to satisfy the reasons displace by the authority for permanent residence, it is deemed to have assumed a judicial role in violating the principle of separation of powers. Therefore, the concurrence by Justice Powel validates the role of the Judiciary in the determination of the agencys discretion. Despite this validation, Chevron U.S.A, Inc., v. Natural Resource Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837 (1984) rejected and limited the role of the Judiciary in

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

economics - Essay ExampleDue to current civil unrest in Bahrain and neighboring locations thither are no current statistics available. However, the rate of inflation in 2010 was 3.3% which was up sharply from the reported 2.8% in 2009. one and only(a) author from the Wall Street Journal wrote, In its statement, Egypts underlying Bank said deteriorating regional policy-making circumstances, including a civil war in Libya as well as violence in Syria, Yemen and Bahrain, could require up oil prices and further slow the continuing global economic recovery. (Bradley) The Bahrain Economic Development wit is positive in the most recent release, In Q4 2010, the Bahrain economy is expected to post similar harvest-festival to that seen in the third quarter growthover 4% (Bahrain Economic Quarterly p. 4). Overall there is growth occurring especially in the tourism section as oil only accounts for approximately 15% of the economic outlook. With the civil unrest and potential for continui ng problems there may be a pickpocket in tourism as a result. It will be necessary to see what the results are onwards making long term forecasts. Bahrain Economic Quarterly, . Bahrain 2030, Bahrain Economy. Bahrain Economic Development board. N.p., First Quarter 2011. Web. 28 Apr 2011. http//www.bahrainedb.com/uploadedFiles/Bahraincom/BahrainForBusiness/BEQ%20Q1%202011.pdf Bradley, M. Egypt Central Bank Keeps Key Interest Rates Unchanged . Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones and Company, 28 April 2011.

Analyse the potential benefits of the Doha trade round to the global Essay

Analyse the potential benefits of the capital of Qatar work round to the global providence what caused the current impasse and what are the dangers now that multilateral trade agreements have stalled - Essay ExampleThe market access negotiations were based on the three key categories, including the following manufactured goods, agriculture and services (Francois, train Meijl, van Tongeren, 2005 Fung & Siu, 2008). The negotiations on cuts in services and agriculture fortresss and subsidies have been already initiated in early 2000 and were folded into the Doha Round a year later. The Doha Round negotiations devoted to the agricultural sector have illustrated the complexity of the issue in the global scales, where France and other members of the European Union have shown greater willingness to cut subsidies and protection than the members of the G-20 and the USA did (Fung & Siu, 2008). Despite the negotiation efforts undertaken in 2001 in Doha, Qatar the number of critical market issues still remained indistinct (Francois, van Meijl, van Tongeren, 2005).The Doha Development Agenda is recognized to be one of the most crucial events in multilateral trade, which has been initiated during the past decade (Evenett, 2014). However, despite the projected benefits and economic gains, the Agenda has reached an impasse. Failed meeting of WTO members in Seattle in 1999 was followed with a new meeting in November 2001 in Doha, and with a continuation of the meeting in Cancun in 2003. While there have been carried out negotiations in relation to the agricultural subsidies for export and trade liberalization measures, the obligations did not come into force in full extent (Evenett, 2014).Having gained useful experience of operate for several years under the WTO Agreements, developing country Members have shown that results failed to meet their expectations and the benefits received from the package were instead limited (Evenett, 2014). The main reason for the Doha Ro und impasse is referred to the emerged disagreement between leading players by and by negotiations have commenced (Evenett, 2014). The Doha Round

Rhetorical anaylsis and values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetorical anaylsis and values - Essay ExampleHowever in another room, mollie Ravis friend and Ravi were watching the proceedings in the room. They watched as the two kissed and later as wellk off their shirts with their heave still on. With this footage, the two posted the video on the internet and the next day, most people were suitable to view it. This made Clementi to commit suicide the next day blaming it all on his roommate. This raised a major international concern on cyber bullying and how the LGBT. The stratum of Clementi death reached his parents who later in an oppugn gave a clear revelation of how hard it had been for them to come to terms with this information that their child was gay. His draw in particular was very sad after learning that Clementi had died knowing that she had disowned her. This story contains instances of societal injustices that are critically discussed in this paper and how they affected clement. The interview of Clementis parents with the medi a can be used through rhetorical analysis to bring out the values of this community. I am claiming that women and men react differently when go about with a challenge. The undercoat I am claiming this is because of the soon after revealing to his parents that he was gay, Clementis come accepted the fact and as wellk time to discuss with his son a few matters pertaining to his sexuality. Their younger son too did not yield any signs of disregard for clementis sexuality but instead was silent on the matter. However, after the death of his brother, he too came clear that he was gay. Clementis mother reacted in a way that suggested to clement that she had completely rejected him as a son. This is a clear depiction of ruth in the essay. In a later interview with the mother after the death of their child, she insists that it was a embarrassing for her to accept that her son had been hiding things from her for a long time and that her church members would not be able with this revel ation since homosexuality is a sin. This revelation clearly brings out the opposition between man verses woman. Clementis father even after knowing that their son was gay accepted this fact as a man while his mother had clog accepting this yet they had raised the boy together. Their different actions show that to some degree, men are more understanding as compared to women. This is genius of the rhetorical ideas that this story present. The story also gives us a clear picture of how Clementi had caused a rift between his father and his mother of his sexuality. This also brings in this rhetoric point that women find it hard to accept change and instead, they often hold it with all they can find. The parents lived in a suburb and in that suburb, gay people were extremely discriminated against that Clementis mom could not bear the idea of everyone knowing that her son was gay. The father however did not mind. This too clearly shows the difference in how men and women tackle issues. the Clementis I am claiming that the church disciplines the way that the suburbs work. The reason I am claiming this is because of the way that clementis mum reacted to the information that her own son was gay and how she had difficulty in accepting this fact just because her church had taught that being gay is a sin. In one of Clementi

Change the Culture of an Organisation Essay Example for Free

Change the gloss of an governing body EssayThe purification of an organization provoke be defined by the way they do things, this core the way they make decisions, operate and how they choose and achieve their objectives. As finale is a set of value and practices, changing it may be difficult and a wide process, especially if the turn is organized by a new school principal executive askor.Changing the culture of an organization may not be casual especially if the new chief executive does not fully understand the previous culture and indeed does not embrace it in the interpolate. This lack of know guidege may result in an inappropriate culture being chosen that could limit the companys operation as productivity reduces. An example of a badly imposed culture can been seen with the Chrysler and Damier-Benz merge in 1998. Damier-Benz imposed their traditional and structured German culture on the free-spirited American car company Chrysler. The extremely different cu ltures created emphasis that later change their efficiency as decision-making took longer and the workforce were not happy.The inappropriate culture resulted in a departure of $1.5 billon by 2006. In 2011, the new chief executive of Tesco, Phillip Clarke, alike made a cultural change which proved unsuccessful. He proposed a strategy to change Tescos brand image to be know for highly valued brands as opposed to their cheaper Value products. The decrease in popular promotion deals much(prenominal) as vouchers and meal deals reduced their sales revenue and share value which fell by 15% by the end of 2011. This suggests that Clarke failed to identify Tescos main source of competitively. Therefore, both examples show that cultural changes may be difficult as the new chief executives lack knowledge and experience in the company.Culture change also takes a long time, especially as traditions and values are set. A rosiness example of this is with Sony. Sony is a Japan-based company wh o prides themselves in adopting a traditional Japanese business culture. Examples of their culture can be seen with their clear line of authority and their strong belief in respect. However, Sonys reducing performance and the fast changing world alarmed the new chief executive, Howard Stringer, to change the culture to one that embraces change.Although proposals to change the culture were made in 2007, Sonys culture has still not fully transformed which is reflected in their still low competitively. Therefore, it may still take some time for Sony to fully embrace an advanced culture as their Japanese culture has largely influenced the organization. It also took a long time for mark Spencer to introduce higher levels of technology, such as a stock control system, as they are utter to have a backward culture. This is because they dont embrace change and are led by system and procedures. These examples provide evidence that change in a businesss culture may not be done quickly as t he organization is accustomed to the previous culture.However, changing a companys culture can be easy if the new chief executive conducts the change in an appropriate manner. As culture change pass on have a direct impact on stakeholders, it is important for the new chief executive to inform all stakeholders of the changes and to also make headway feedback. The loss of the innovative leader of Apple, Steve Jobbs created much anxiety about the new CEO Tim Cook. Stakeholders feared Cook would change the company and reject all Jobbs practices especially as the two leaders have different personalities. The media decline the situation with continuous negative press coverage which resulted in a decrease in consumer corporate trust as well as Apples share price. Although Jobbs had planned to make some strategical changes to the companys practices, he reassured stakeholders by stating that Apple will not change. He also identified these new strategies and their benefits in a press rel ease which justified his decisions and satisfied stakeholders. The newfound trust of stakeholders will change Apples cultural change to be easier and make it more quickly.In view of the above, I believe that it is not easy to change the culture of a business, as the current practices are custom to the organization this also suggests that the change will be quite a process and therefore wont be done quickly. This situation is worsened as the chief executive is new and wont have the necessary knowledge and understanding of the business to enable a smooth and quick transition.However, the ability for the new chief executive to change the businesss culture quickly and easily is highly dependant upon the reaction of the stakeholders. For example, BPs customers may react positively as the new culture will addition the companys responsiveness to customers. Shareholders may also react positively as the increase of innovation should increase BPs competitive advantage which could increase the companys value and share price. However, the increase in innovation may pose a threat the employees as management will expect higher quality and the need for more pendent personnel may be necessary.Therefore, support from stakeholders will encourage an easier and quickly transformation whereas negativity will not. The skills of the workforce is also important as if they are innovative the cultural change will happen faster. However, Sony is in a creative industry and their strategy to increase innovation still took a long time. This suggests that attitudes and beliefs of the workforce are also important. An easy change is also depend upon the new executives approach, is it forceful or flexible? Damier-Benzs forceful approach result in a large amount of tension that slowed the change and resulted in a financial loss.

Tourism in the peak district national park Essay Example for Free

touristry in the peak order case place EssayTourism in the peak district national park- case study, MEDC The peak district national park introduction The peak district is in the north of England and is the oldest national park in Britain. The park has two main areas The white peak, mostly in the south is a large-mouthed plateau of carboniferous lime stone To the west and north prevarication the dark peaks, a highland area which is more than 609m above sea level, c all overed by a layer of sand stone In 1951, the solar apex District field Park became the first National Park in Britain. It covers 1438 square kilometres (555 square miles) of beautiful countryside from high (636m) windblown moorlands in the north to thou farmland and tranquil dales in the south. The diversity of habitats and wealth of wildlife they support make the region of international richness What are the attractions of the national park? Honey- pot sites like certain villages The scenery is of outstan ding beauty Boating, search and water sports Cycling, riding. Hang locomote and four-wheel motoring Sense of remoteness, quite enjoyment of nature odd biodiversity Distinctive character of buildings and settlements.Historic buildings, gardens and park Easy accessibility from surrounding areas, close to major cities The Peak District is valued for its cultural heritage including stone circles, ancient hill forts, medieval castles, mills, lead mines and miles of drystone walls. Who visits the national park? The Peak District National Park is surrounded by many large cities (see routine above) and is easily accessible to the 15. 7 million pack that living within 60 miles of the boundary.Most visitors observe from Derbyshire (14%), South Yorkshire (13%), Cheshire (12%) and the other Counties that are partly within the National Park.22million sight visit the national park each year and most of these are daytime tourists. International National Day trippers What is the national pa rks policy on tourism? to conserve and enhance their natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage to promote opportunities for the misgiving and enjoyment of their special qualities. With regard to tourism and diversionary attack, the Authority has recognised there is a need to tender for those seeking quiet enjoyment of the National Park through promoting quiet active recreation, such as walking, cycling etc.Achieve a more even spread of visits over the year the tourism market is very seasonal and many places are overcrowded in the summer and very quiet in winter. increase the number of staying visitors (who stay one or more nights) as they snuff it more notes and so help support the many small businesses that depend on tourism. reduce the number of visits make by car in all parts of the National Park, efforts are being made to gain greater use of public transport with extra bus assistances and special routes serving public honeypot areas.Promote understanding of the special qualities of the Peak District to visitors. maximise local anaesthetic social and frugal benefits. The parks sustainable tourism strategy is 1. to increase visitor spend and maximise the local benefits of that spend 2. to encourage visitors to stay longer 3. to encourage visits throughout the year 4. to attract new visitors (with potential expenditure power) where appropriate 5. to reduce dependency on the car when visiting the area 6. to deliver for local people and not just visitors 7. to conserve the landscape, including the towns and villages, and their special qualities 8.To enhance visitor enjoyment and understanding of the market towns and uncouth areas 9. to ensure that the traditional enjoyment of the Peak District will be more accessible to a wider range of people 10. to encourage best use of existing resources Benefits of tourism More tourist tie in jobs and contribution to the economy Increased in go into Increased local services Encouragement to preserve hi storic buildings and sites lengthiness of traditional crafts Tourists come to local charity events and spend money Problems with tourism Foot track erosion.Many blue-chip eco-systems like water meadows and moorland areas have been harmed Archaeological features lost due to changes in farming conditions i. e. farmers introducing drainage systems. Increased numbers of people arriving by car. 90% of the 20million people living within an hours drive come by car Road barter within the park has grown by over 60% Tourists leaving gates open and farm animals escaping Higher pollution, congestion and parking difficulties Tourists less considerate and brush off litter Services are put in place for them like cafes and restaurants which ruin the scenery brusk parking Local birds living on moorland areas are driven out of their homes Livestock rouse be killed by dogs not kept on leads How can tourism be managed? Active recreation A cycle hire scheme and special routes along disused railway lines or traffic free roads has been provided at 4 centres (Parsley Hay, Upper Derwent, Ashbourne and Waterhouses) with around 55,000 hirings per year. There are 55 reservoirs of over 2 hectares in area in the National Park. Fishing is allowed on twelve of these and sailing on five of them.There is a gliding centre at Great Hucklow, and several sites for hang gliding eg. at Mam Tor and Stanage. There are 14 stables with horses for hire in and around the Peak District. Providing accommodation 65% of visits to the Peak District National Park are day visits, the remainder being visits by people staying on holiday (4. 8 nights on average). A range of accommodation is provided for staying visitors camping and caravan sites (114 authorize sites with authorisation for 4,646 caravans and 891 tents), 13 camping barns, 13 Youth Hostels and Bed Breakfast in a large number of private houses, pubs or hotels.The 1998 Visitor Survey showed that staying visitors spend on average i 21-26/day comp ared with day visitors who spend an average of i 7. 30/day in the Park Traffic accountant The South Pennines Integrated charm Strategy (SPITS) has been devised by the Peak District National Park Transport Forum to control visitor traffic over the next 20 years. The Hope Valley biotic community Rail Partnership aims to encourage the use of buses and trains within this popular valley.Work includes publicity and marketing, enhanced service levels, special events, walks and local arts promotions Footpath management The Pennine Way, the most popular long distance path and with the greatest erosion problems, has been paved for most of its length within the Park. This has prevented further erosion and has led to the re-vegetation of antecedently eroded peat. Dovedale is a honeypot area where the footpath through the dale can be used by up to 1,000 people an hour. A better path has been constructed to cope with this heavy pressure.A Local Countryside chafe Forum has been set up to explo re how the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000 can be implemented in the Peak District with the potential to open up a further 18000ha of land for public use. commando services The Peak District National Park Authority Ranger Service provides information and advice to visitors and local communities and resolves immediate problems created by visitor pressure. The Rangers carry out practical countryside work and provide rescue services. saving Volunteers help with wildlife conservation and practical maintenance.

Marketing Across Culture Success or Dilemma Essay Example for Free

Marketing Across stopping point Success or Dilemma EssayMarketing across enculturation is one of the biggest issues which multinational companies view been confronting nowadays. Since trade is an important factor for the propagation of a particular product or attach to, trade intention should overly be effective simultaneously. Every organic law has to pay attention towards all the aspects which tramp confuse a marketing blueprint successful and ethical aspect is one of them. Since world(a) marketing is a tortuous process, ethical issues corresponding cultural diversity is one of the major designers that tin can cause affliction of marketing plan. Marketing across culture is basically defined as product or emolument promulgation beyond the b assigns. Since beyond borders, culture, lifestyle and audience get changed, the attitude of the people to a fault gets changed simultaneously. (Hutterer 2006) So, it can be regarded an ethical quandary to market the products on international level and for gageing with such situation, comp either needs to scrutinize interests, traditions and culture of the indigenous people. However, divergent organizations have developed dissimilar strategies in order to cope with such ethical issues.Reasons of this predicamentCultural diversity is generated by dissimilarity between inherent culture and the culture beyond the borders. Since every society has its own culture, its audience also possesses dissimilar concerns, ideologies, concepts, principles and retentivity all these dynamics under consideration, a marketing plan is developed so that it can drive up with the requirements of that respective culture. (Hall Hall, 1990) If the organizations neglect this aspect without considering the emotions and affiliations of its audience important, the result appears in the form of negative consequences.Since the main(prenominal) reason of this dilemma is dynamic nature of traditions, the organizations usually emp loy strategic plan keeping the regional aspects under consideration. However, in such cases, the organizations which assume supposition of relativism are considered successful because it enables them to come up with regional cultural requirements. Since there are no unassailable criteria for universal morality in this regard, this ethical dilemma has been solved using the utilitarian approach and the example can be taken from IKEA Inc. In Saudi-Arabian Arabia, they have kept ethical and moral concerns in limelight while marketing their services and their plea for using female images in marketing transmedia can be taken as evidence in this regard. (Quinn 2012)Another reason why this thing is considered a dilemma is that marketing across culture makes it complex for the organizations to comply with the needs of customers since not only traditions, culture and thoughts of the audience change with the boundaries, but their taste and priorities also change simultaneously. For instance , McDonalds in India markets its products keeping the vegetarian audience under consideration while in other regions equal USA, UK and Canada, they market their products through promulgating other additional factors. Hence, through this way, McDonalds not only keeps the cultural but also religious needs of its audience under consideration and this ethical aspect of its marketing plan makes it nifty in one way or other.However, with the expansion of the business on global level and with the publicity in technology, marketing has become rather a technical yet interesting task and the reason behind this fact is the propagation of social media and similar other tooth roots. These sources have made it ample abstemious to approach targeted audience yet the cross-culture issue is still persistent since these sources do not give any remarkable evidence regarding the cultural diversity and marketing plan.Comparatively, there are different other organizations like Air Asia which have bee n struggling with the ethical issue of marketing across culture. Though it has assumed different ethical approaches like absolutism, egoism etc in order to deal with its audience yet there is no remarkable progress in making its service a world popular one. However, there can be several strategic options available to deal with this issue of marketing across culture.Proposed solution various solutions for dealing with the issue of marketing across culture are as followedPluralismThe first solution in this regard can be given in the form of pluralism since it enables the organization to have an in-between roadway of utilitarianism and absolutism. (Hinman 2011) Some organizations use absolute ethics for marketing its products and some consider utilitarianism as the best source of marketing across culture but some(prenominal) of them might cause failure since no absolute policy or theory works when the regions are diverse and discriminate from each other. So, only an organization, wh o assumes theory of pluralism in order to deal with this global dilemma, can get successful position in global market.For this purpose, the organization can also do cultural analysis before marketing its product.Cultural analysis before marketingThis solution can be regarded one of the most significant steps in order to deal with the dilemma of marketing across culture. The reason behind this claim is that understanding the culture of the native people would not harm their feelings in any way. Suppose, if McDonalds never does cultural analysis in India and launches its products without differentiating vegetarian and non-vegetarian food, the result would appear in the form of violation of ethical code of that country. In such case, this organization would face severe opposition and there would be no profitability as well.So, another best solution to deal with this issue would be cultural analysis of the organization and before marketing a specific product or service in any region of the world, it is mandatory for it to analyze the likely market from cultural perspective.Change management strategyApart from assumptive above given both solutions, the organization would also need to have caliber to adopt change management strategy since marketing across culture would need a severe change in the core marketing plan of the company. In such case, the company would have to deal with the internal issues as well and it can deal with this global ethical dilemma only if it would be able to deal with the internal issues of the organization.Through assuming all these three solutions, all the organizations aiming at expanding its services beyond borders can deal with the ethical dilemma of marketing across culture. Hence, only through dealing with ethical issues, the organizations can get successful marketing promotions throughout then world.ReferencesHall, E. T. Hall, M. R., (1990) Understanding cultural differences. Yarmouth, Me. Intercultural Press.Hinman, L. M. (2011 ) Ethics A Pluralistic Approach to Moral Theory. Boston, MA Wadsworth Pub.Hutterer, R. (2006) Marketing Across Cultures Qoo an International SuccessStory? NY GRIN VerlagQuinn, Ben. Ikea Apologises over Removal of Women from Saudi Arabia Catalogue. The withstander. Guardian News and Media, 01 Oct. 2012. Web. 05 Jan. 2013. .

Unemployment Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Unemployment Discrimination EssayThe downturn in the economy has resulted in a high percentage of long-term unemployed heap. To combat the upshot, legislatures ar attempting to make for it illegal nationwide for employers to post job openings that bar unemployed applicants, and by making unemployment a protected classification. As these proposed laws impart impact businesses and how they operate, it is crucial for businesses, human resource professionals, and labor and employment centering to understand the changing laws and the implications on employers with operations in each affected fix. Once a get out understanding of the anti-unemployment secernment issue is gained, employers will be better prep bed to comply with the existing and authorisation laws so as to avoid penalties. Findings will show that there are better ways to aim with the issue as opposed to making unemployed discrimination a protected classification. Research into the issue was derived from the Na tional Conference of State Legislatures, law journals, legal updates, news articles, and statutes.By using these resources, it was discovered that proposed anti-unemployment discrimination laws are failing, that unemployment becomes an issue during times of economic crisis, and that existing federal and state laws already protect people from discrimination with respect to employment-related decisions. Findings from research indicate that there is no one method that can benefactor improve the unemployment rate.Instead of making it illegal for employers to make hiring decisions while considering a persons unemployment status, the political relation should work in conjunction with employers by offering incentives and training programs to help reduce the unemployment figures. Shouldnt employers be able to consider an applicants unemployment status without being fearful of accusations of unemployment discrimination?Unfortunately, employers in certain(p) states today can be penalized fo r refusing to hire job applicants if the hiring decision is based on an applicants unemployment status or if a job vacancy advertisement includes language that bars unemployed persons from applying. indoors the past two years, New Jersey, Oregon, and Washington, D. C. have enacted legislation that makes it illegal for employers to discriminate against job applicants based upon their unemployment status. nigh recently, the State of New York has made unemployment status a protected quality. New Yorks law will come into effect on June 11, 2013 (Morea, 2013). The economy and difficulty obtaining gainful employment can be thwart for a lot of people today, but despite the issue, employers should always be able to select the strongest prospect for a job opening without having to fear allegations of unemployment discrimination.In essence, an employer should be afforded the right to select a prognosis with relevant, recent employment history over a panorama that has been out of the wor kplace for a spacious amount of time, especially where an applicant has an inadequate explanation for gaps in employment. Despite New Yorks stringent, unfinished statute that will authorize an individual to bring a private action for occurrences of joblessness discrimination, similar proposed laws are failing federally and state-wide (NCLS 2013). The failed legislative bills, along with the new anti-unemployment discrimination laws, are discussed at length below.The have reason behind the failure of proposed anti-unemployment discrimination laws is that there is strong sentiment that such laws, if passed, may discern companies to lawsuits, which in turn will likely cause employers to become even more selective in inviting candidates for interviews so as to avoid unemployment discrimination suits (Pear, 2011). An employer should always be able to consider a candidates length of unemployment as part of its big picture hiring strategy. It just makes business sense.For example, say that alliance 2Y, LLP has a job opening in a demographic area where the unemployment figures are staggering. In rejoinder to its job posting, thousands of applications are received however, only one candidate is needed to fill the position. In differentiate to streamline the hiring process, Comp both 2Y, LLP is going to weed out any applications or resumes where an applicant does not take recent, relevant experience. In this manner, Company 2Y, LLP is able to cull the staggering numbers of resumes down to those resumes of candidates that are soon employed in the same line of work.By doing this, Company 2Y, LLP will be able to edge the amount of people it invites for an interview, and will be assured it is getting a top-notch employee that is up to par with the in vogue(p) technological advances and business practices in the given field. In all states aside from Oregon, New Jersey, New York and Washington, D. C. , this hiring scenario would be a legitimate practice so long as the company does not have any protocols in place that set out to disqualify applicants based on a protected property such as race, disability or those candidates that are over age 40.As it stands, people already have laws protecting them from discriminatory practices with respect to employment, so why is there a need to make unemployment a protected characteristic, especially considering that it is a state of being and not a permanent trait such as ones color, gender, race, national origin, age, or disability. As stated, there are already sufficient laws and administrative agencies such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and local state agencies such as the Department of Fair Employment and Housing and the Department of Labor that are aerated with combatting discriminatory animus in employment.

Natural Science Essay Example for Free

Natural accomplishment EssayThe relevance of this analyse question is to determine which brand of leading opus wipes is the best well-nigh absorbent. Consumers want to use the product that is most effective at meeting their needs. A more dearly-won product may actually be more cost effective if you can use less(prenominal)(prenominal) of it than a brand that costs less.Literature ReviewMany look intos have been conducted to test the strength and absorbency of radical towels. While the steps of the audition vary from test to test, all of experiments be testing the aforementioned(prenominal) both factors how much water can from distributively one wall authorship towel brand absorb and how strong are from each one of the paper towels. Below I have reviewed the operate and results from trinity experiments that are similar to the superstar I willing be apply.In the first experiment, the tester uses five brands of paper towels to test for absorbency, using paper t owels of the same size to retard the the true of the results. He draws a two inch circularise in the amount of a sheet of paper towel from each brand represented and placing the paper towel in an embroidery hoop to maintain stability. He then drops fifteen drops of water into the center of the circle draw on the paper towel, repeating the process for each brand, and measures the amount of time it takes the paper towel to wick the moisture outside of the circle. This test concludes that Bounty has the greatest absorbency.The next experiment tests for both absorbency and strength. As in the first test, several different brands of paper towels were used. In this experiment, to test the absorbency, the tester takes a sheet of each of the towels an inserts it into a deoxyephedrine with two ounces of water and leaves each sit for twenty secs. after the twenty seconds expired, the tester removed the paper towel from the glass and rang out each paper towel into a measu mob cup to see how much water each towel had absorbed. The second trip of the experiment is conducted by stretching sheets of each paper towel through an embroidery hoop, placing 25 pennies in the center of the paper towel, and adding water to the towel drop by drop until the pennies fall through. The strongest paper towel in this test was Brawny Brand.The final experiment that I reviewed also tested for absorbency. The theory fanny this experiment was the faster that water moves through the towel, the more absorbent it is. The experimenter cut pillages from each paper towel, one and only(a) inch round-eyed and six inches long. A mark is drawn on each paper towel one inch from the end using a waterproof marker. The strip is then held in a glass of water with the bottom inch submerged, timing how long it takes for the water to travel the distance of the strip. The process is then repeated for each brand that is being tested. The most absorbent brand in this test was Brawny.Experimental Design A. Steps in Experimental ProcedureThe absorbency of the towels will be tested by the speed the water moves through the paper towels, the faster the water moves, the more absorbent the towel is. I will be using the following brands of paper towels in my experiment Brawny, Bounty, Sparkle and Scott. Other supplies demand to complete the experiment are a waterproof marker, and a sixteen-ounce glass of water, and a horologe that registers tenths of a second.1. Prepare three assays of paper towel from each brand by cutting strips of each that is 2 inches wide and six inches long. 2. Using a water-proof marker, draw a line across each paper towel one inch from the bottom. 3. Fill a sixteen ounce glass with water and hold timer. 4. Take the first strip of paper towel and submerge it up to the line in the glass of water while holding it vertical to the glass while starting the timer. 5. Allow the timer to mesh until the water is absorbed through the paper towel and reaches the end of the towel not submerged. 6. Stop the timer and record the time in tenths of seconds. 7. Repeat steps 4 through 6 for all three strips of each brand.B. Reasoning for Choosing my Experimental Design PlanThe reason I chose this design for my experiment is because it seemed to be more accurate than other testing methods I found during my literature review and could be performed with items I already had in my home. The experiment where the tester rang out the paper towels and measure the water that they had absorbed is less accurate because there is no guarantee of exerting the same amount of force each time you ring out a towel. There is no way to completely drain the towel of all of the suave it absorbed. Stretching the paper towel samples across the embroidery frame is sound way to perform the experiment but it would have call for the purchase of additional materials.C. Sequence of Events to adopt Quantitative DataI will begin the collection of quantitative data by cutting the pape r towel samples from each brand into strips that are one inch wide by six inches long, to ensure that all of the samples will be equal. I will use the same glass of water for each test to ensure the water composition is the same for each test. I have created a spreadsheet in excel with a column listing each of the brands being tested and three columns for the time in tenths of a second to be entered upon completion of the experiment. During the experiment, I will make notes on a tablet of the brand surname and the time recorded to be entered into the spreadsheet upon completion of the entire experiment.D. Describe Tools, Technologies, and Measurement Units that are used to Collect the DataTo collect the data for this experiment I will use one inch wide by six inch long strips of paper towel from each of the brands being tested, a down in the mouth water-proof marker to mark the strips of paper towel, an eight ounce glass of water, my hand to hold the strip vertical to the glass on ce submerged as indicated in the experimental procedure, a timer that measures tenths of a second, and a pad and pencil to record the initial results. Once the experiment is complete I will shipping the results of the experiments to the spreadsheet that I have created using Microsoft Excel. I will also use excel to create the bright representation of the experiment results.Dependent, Independent and Controlled Variables of the ExperimentThe independent variable in my paper towel experiment is the one inch by six inch strip of paper towel taken from a roll of each brand of paper towel used in the experiment.The dependent variable in the experiment is the amount of time it takes the water to travel the length of the strip of paper towel metric in tenths of a second.The controlled variables of the experiment are using the same glass of water, same size sample of paper towel, and same timer for each test in the experiment.Threat Reduction to Internal stiffnessTo reduce internal thre ats to validity I will use the same size portion of each paper towel from each brand for each test to conduct the experiment, marking each piece with a line at exactly one inch from the bottom. I will use the same water sample to ensure the liquid being absorbed by each sample strip is identical the same timer will be used for each test to ensure the accuracy of the time recorded for each test. I will also monitor my results for outliers in the time required to absorb the water through each test towel to ensure the results are valid for each test.HypothesisThe sample of Bounty paper towels will displume up the water through the length of paper towel faster than the other brands because it is thicker than the other brands being tested. I have arrived at this last because the dual layers of towel that are present in the sample of Bounty create a great surface to absorb water. The other brands are much thinner and have less thickness to soak up water.

Roman Civilization Essay Example for Free

popish Civilization EssayAbstractThe papist nuance was one of the greatest civilizations in world history. It spanned some a thousand historic period and stretched from atomic number 63 to Africa. Although the papist civilization is already long extinct, its legacy is yet an grievous part of todays social institutions such as government and piety.The papistic Civilization The popish civilization is one of the approximately powerful and influential civilizations in history. It was good-known for its political, stinting, crazeural and technological advancements that allowed it to expand from Europe to Africa (MSN Encarta, 2007). So consequential is the roman letters civilization that most of its practices are still in use today. antiquated capital of Italy The roman print civilization was believed to contrive started virtually 3,000 years ago on the hills beside the Tiber River in telephone exchange Italy (MSN Encarta, 2007). What began as an encampment of shep herds huts afterwards evolved into the city of Rome (MSN Encarta, 2007). It is sometimes claimed that the land and env iron outment of Italy proved to be condusive for the growth of papist civilization (MSN Encarta, 2007). Being a peninsula, Italy is separated from the rest of Europe by ocean on the east, west and south and the Alps mountain range on the north (MSN Encarta, 2007). The country in general enjoys a temperate climate, with hot summers in the south (MSN Encarta, 2007). Italys western coast and offshore islands hold in several volcanoes such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius, resulting in fertile land in some parts of Latium, Campania and Sicily (MSN Encarta, 2007). Italys timber-rich mountains had vast meadows where sheep and goats grazed during the summer (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Tiber River was abundant in salt and Etruria had large iron deposits (MSN Encarta, 2007). North-south land routes boosted the papist economy by improving commerce, agri goal, pasturage and m etalwork (MSN Encarta, 2007).Romulus and Remus The Founders of Rome According to papistical myth, twin brothers Romulus and Remus founded Rome in 753 BC (MSN Encarta, 2007). They were the grandsons of King Numitor, the ruler of the ancient city of Alba Longa in Latium (MSN Encarta, 2007). besides when Numitors brother seized the throne and also tried to kill the twins by having them thrown into the Tiber (MSN Encarta, 2007). The twins miraculously survived they were washed ashore and were nursed by a she-wolf (MSN Encarta, 2007). Upon reaching adulthood, Romulus and Remus brought Numitor back to his throne and take a shited a new city located on top of Palatine Hill (MSN Encarta, 2007). Romulus had this new city border with a wall, which Remus scornfully jumped over in an attempt to assert his leadership (MSN Encarta, 2007). Romulus killed him as a result, later becoming the citys first queen regnant and naming it after him (MSN Encarta, 2007).Life in antiquated Rome quai nt papistical society was religious and family-oriented (MSN Encarta, 2007). Family and religion not only influenced personal and social relations, but also public and political activities (MSN Encarta, 2007). These two social institutions were say to be the twin pillars of Roman society for the quintette centuries of the Roman Republic (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Ancient Roman Family. Family relationships in ancient Rome reflected the patriarchal nature of the Roman state (MSN Encarta, 2007). The paternity (paterfamilias) wielded absolute and vitalitylong power (patria potestas) over his wife, children and slaves (MSN Encarta, 2007). He was also the the priest of the cult of his ancestors and of the hearth gods of the family (the ancient Romans practiced ancestral worship) (MSN Encarta, 2007). Roman marriage existed primarily to continue bloodlines (MSN Encarta, 2007). The fathers family had sole shackles of all legitimate children (MSN Encarta, 2007). Should a divorce occur, the mother was required to leave the children with her husband (MSN Encarta, 2007). In addition, Roman equity allowed a father to abandon an infant at birth unwanted children during this period were any deformed boys or daughters of families who cannot afford a dowry (MSN Encarta, 2007). It was also considered legal under Roman law for a father to kill an adult son as punishment for treasonous behavior (MSN Encarta, 2007). notwithstanding the all-encompassing authority of the father, the ancient Roman family remained tightly-knit (MSN Encarta, 2007). It was the parents themselves who educated their children (MSN Encarta, 2007). To prepare their sons for citizenship, fathers would bring them along to forums, where they can expose public meetings (MSN Encarta, 2007). During funerals, ancient Roman sons were also obliged to deliver speeches that praised the deceased and their forefathers in order to indorse family pride and myths (MSN Encarta, 2007). Ancient Roman women usually m arried between 14 and 17 years old, with their husbands frequently at their mid-20s (MSN Encarta, 2007). Although children during this era were not forced into wedlock, only few were able to refuse arranged marriages (MSN Encarta, 2007). A divorce can only take place if it was the husband who wanted it (MSN Encarta, 2007). However, women still enjoyed relative exemption in ancient Rome (MSN Encarta, 2007). They could attend public and private banquets, where they freely interacted with men (MSN Encarta, 2007). When a father died without a will, his estate was divided equally between his sons and daughters (MSN Encarta, 2007). But daughters were commonly included in the bequests of their fathers (MSN Encarta, 2007). Religion. Ancient Rome was a predominantly agricultural civilization (MSN Encarta, 2007). Hence, Romans believed that deities governed every aspect of the natural world (MSN Encarta, 2007). They rase tried to construe the will of the gods by analyzing animal activities and body parts (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Romans, however, adopted from the Etruscans a religion that was based from the Hellenic pantheon or family of gods (MSN Encarta, 2007). As a result, most Greek gods have Roman counterparts (MSN Encarta, 2007). genus Zeus (Greek god of the skies) was Jupiter for the Romans (MSN Encarta, 2007). Hera (Zeus wife), Aphrodite (Greek goddess of sack out) and Ares (Greek god of war) became Juno, Venus and Mars, respectively (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Romans also believed that devotion through prayers, festivals and sacrifices were necessary for the community to have a harmonious relationship with the gods (MSN Encarta, 2007). Kings and civil magistrates first officiated the aforementioned activities, but priests and priestesses later facilitated the worship of event gods and goddesses (MSN Encarta, 2007). An example of the latter would be the vestal virgins who served hearth goddess Vesta (MSN Encarta, 2007). Some of the months in the Roman calendar, as tumefy as the days of the workweek, were also named after the gods (MSN Encarta, 2007). January was named after Janus, the god of beginnings (MSN Encarta, 2007). March was taken from Mars (MSN Encarta, 2007). kinsfolk was derived from the Latin marge septem (seven) March originally was the first month of the Roman calender (MSN Encarta, 2007). October, November and celestial latitude were based on the Latin words for eight, ninth and tenth, respectively (MSN Encarta, 2007). However, the English names of the days of the week was patterned after Germanic gods and goddesses (MSN Encarta, 2007). Friday, for instance, was a day that was dedicated to Venus (MSN Encarta, 2007). It was taken from Freia, the German goddess of love (MSN Encarta, 2007). Politics. The leaders of Ancient Rome were kings who had wide military and judicial powers and represented the batch to their gods (MSN Encarta, 2007). The kings who succeeded Romulus were appointed and advised by the Senate, a govern mental institution whose members were from noble clans (MSN Encarta, 2007). These tasks of the Senate enabled the Roman elites to dominate Romes religious, political and economic life (MSN Encarta, 2007). Meanwhile, the Assembly of the People was a Roman political body that was composed of all male Roman citizens (MSN Encarta, 2007). Divided into 30 curiae or clans, members of the assembly initially met to witness the announcement of a new king or a declaration of war (MSN Encarta, 2007). Later, each of the clans gathered to cast their votes regarding the approval of a genuine will or adoption (MSN Encarta, 2007).The Roman Republic During the Roman Republic (510 BC-27 BC), Rome grew from a slender city of 10,000 into a great cosmopolitan metropolis of 1 gazillion whose empire of 15 million subjects encompassed the entire Mediterranean basin (MSN Encarta, 2007). Therefore, the Roman Republic was sometimes known as the period of expansion of Roman civilization (Hooker, 1996). Howe ver, they encountered social and economic problems that resulted from imposing conventional laws and institutions on subjects whose cultures were very much opposite from theirs (MSN Encarta, 2007).Governance The Roman monarchy was abolished after Junius Brutus toppled the Tarquin dynasty in 509 BC (Hooker, 1996). The Romans then assumed a republican form of government but retained their constitution, a series of unwritten laws and traditions that were still based from the monarchy (Hooker, 1996). As a result, the republics new leaders, the consuls, were no different from the kings (Hooker, 1996). Although the consuls were elected and held one-year terms, they were also the heads of the Roman military and judiciary, as surface as the nations chief priests (Hooker, 1996). However, the consuls had severely limited powers (Hooker, 1996). After finishing their one-year term, they had to be reelected for another term if they wish to become a consul again (Hooker, 1996). In addition, the republic was supposed to be ruled by two consuls (Hooker, 1996). No consul can act or decide without the other consuls approval (Hooker, 1996). Lastly, consuls were mandated to serve on the Senate as soon as their term expires (Hooker, 1996).The Law of the 12 Tables It would be fair to say that the Roman Republic promoted the rights of the cut-and-dried citizen (Hooker, 1996). In 450 BC, Romes constitution and laws were standardized and put into order through the Law of the Twelve Tables (Hooker, 1996). As a result, the Roman masses became aware of the rights that the law has granted upon them (Hooker, 1996). Intermarriage between plebians and patricians were allowed in 445 BC and the position of consul was opened to plebians in 367 BC (Hooker, 1996). By 287 BC, the vote of the plebian assembly were not only binding on the plebeians, but on the entire Roman citizenry(Hooker, 1996).Crisis In order to emit itslef, the Roman Republic waged many wars, including the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) (Hooker, 1996). But these hostilities had serious social and economic consequences for Rome (Hooker, 1996). The Second Punic war, for instance, further widened the gap between the rich and the poor in Rome (Hooker, 2006). Prior to the Second Punic War, ordinary Roman citizens worked as farmers, craftsmen or laborers (Hooker, 1996). They were able to live well because they tilled their own land or received decent wages (Hooker, 1996). But while Hannibal finished the Roman countryside, the elites remained piano within the walls of Rome (Hooker, 1996). Their farmlands gone, the Romans living in the countryside had no choice but to reincarnate to the cities (Hooker, 1996). The rich Romans, meanwhile, bought the ravaged lands and developed them into large plantations (Hooker, 1996). These establishments dominated Roman agriculture by the middle of the cooperate century (Hooker, 1996). Furthermore, wars led to the proliferation of slaves in Rome and Roman territories (Hoo ker, 1996). As slaves provided labor at wages that were almost below subsistence level, the Roman economy shifted from a laborer economy to a slave economy (Hooker, 2006). inadequate Romans who were not slaves suddenly found themselves unemployed or taking jobs that paid very little (Hooker, 1996). This resulted in the beginning of the Roman Republics unpopularity with the people (Hooker, 1996).The Roman Empire The social instability during the later part of the Roman Republic produced dictators such as the Gracchi brothers (UNRV, 2008). Increasing public frustration over the republic made the people turn to citizen assemblies for the discussion of popular agendas instead of to the Senate (UNRV, 2008). However, overeliance on citizen assemblies bred unscrupulous and opportunistic leaders such as Maruis and Sulla (UNRV, 2008). Roman politics was divided between the conservative Optimate Senators who tried to preserve the political self-confidence of the elite and the Populares who was supported by the lower classes (UNRV, 2008). As a result, the last 100 years of the Roman Republic was characterized with political instability and violence (UNRV, 2008).Caesar Augustus After many years of civil war, the Senate proclaimed Gaius Octavius emperor butterfly in 27 BC, giving him the name Augustus (exalted or holy one) (MSN Encarta, 2007). Historians often said that the proclamation of Gaius Octavius as emperor marked the beginning of the Roman Empire (27 BC-476 AD) (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Roman Republic was never revived since (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Regime of Augustus. Augustus rule (27 BC-14 AD) was marked with absolute power (MSN Encarta, 2007). However, it transformed Rome into the greatest and most influential political institution in European history (MSN Encarta, 2007). Thus, Augustus was said to have started the Pax Romana (Roman Peace), a period of peace and prosperity in Rome that lasted for about 200 years (MSN Encarta, 2007). Under Augustus, the empir e acquired new territories, such as ancient Britain, Arabia and Dacia (now Romania) (MSN Encarta, 2007). Rome became the center of politics, trade and culture in the Mediterranean region (MSN Encarta, 2007). Rome was seen as a place of opportunity people from the Roman provinces who went there usually became soldiers, bureaucrats and senators (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Roman Empire also tolerated cultural differences among its subjects (MSN Encarta, 2007). The empire promoted Greek art, belles-lettres and philosophy, the Judaic religious and ethical system, the then-new religion of Christianity, the astronomy and astrology of the Babylonians and Persian and Egyptian culture (MSN Encarta, 2007). With the exceptions of leaders akin Caligula and Nero, most Roman emperors were competent and just (MSN Encarta, 2007).Fall of the Roman Empire The murder of Emperor Commodus in 192 was the precedent for the collapse of the Roman Empire (MSN Encarta, 2007). After his demise, rivalry over th e imperial throne resulted in a civil war that proved to be detrimental to the whole empire (MSN Encarta, 2007). Political institutions collapsed, the force was weakened and the economy crashed (MSN Encarta, 2007). The civil war lasted for about a century until the Roman Empire quietly ended in 476 (MSN Encarta, 2007).Reasons for the Fall The selection process for a Roman emperor was facilitated by the officer emperor, the Senate, the army and the Praetorian Guard (the emperors personal security forces) (Harker, n.d.). But the Praetorian Guard later had the sole authority in choosing the emperor (Harker, n.d.). In exchange for the Praetorian Guards support, the emperor rewarded them with political and military favors (Harker, n.d.). By 186 AD, the practice of selling the throne to the highest bidder was already a tradition in Roman politics (Harker, n.d.). In addition, the Roman Empire spent too much on its military (Harker, n.d.). Since the empire was very vast, defend it from i nvaders was very expensive (Harker, n.d.). A huge portion of taxes were spent on soldiers and weapons, instead of on housing, roads and aqueducts (Harker, n.d.). When the empire did not have enough money, it raised taxes, leading to strong public discontent among ordinary Roman citizens (Harker, n.d.).Conclusion Even if the Roman civilization no longer exists, its legacy is still an important part of modern society. Roman laws and Latin remain to be integral in the legal profession, institution and religion (MSN Encarta, 2007). Christianity is still one of the worlds major religions (MSN Encarta, 2007). Latin gradually evolved into languages and dialects such as Provenal, French, Spanish and Catalan (MSN Encarta, 2007). The Roman civilization also served as an important influence in Renaissance art, literature and politics (MSN Encarta, 2007). Renaissance sculptors revived the Greco-Roman trend of realism (after centuries of theocentrism), while Renaissance architects used Greek a nd Roman designs for their creations (MSN Encarta, 2007). William Shakespeares works were based on Roman comedies (MSN Encarta, 2007). Philosophers and political theorists in the succeeding centuries used Roman laws and Roman concepts of freedom and tyranny as a reference for their own writings and discourses (MSN Encarta, 2007). These ideas also stir revolutionaries in America and France to liberate their respective countries (MSN Encarta, 2007).ReferencesHarker, K. Killeen Harker Heights Connections. (n.d.). Reasons for the Fall of the Roman Empire. Retrieved May 8, 2008, from http//killeenroos.com/1/Romefall.htmHooker, R. solid ground Civilizations. (1996). Rome The Roman Republic. Retrieved May 7, 2008, from http//www.wsu.edu/dee/ROME/REPUBLIC.HTMMSN Encarta. (2007). Ancient Rome. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552589/Ancient_Rome.htmlMSN Encarta. (2007). Roman Empire. Retrieved May 6, 2008, from http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741502785 /Roman_Empire.htmlUNRV. (2008). Fall of the Roman Republic. Retrieved May 8, 2007, from http//www.unrv.com/roman-republic/fall-of-roman-republic.php

How Christians put there believe of helping others into practise Essay Example for Free

How Christians put there believe of answering others into practise EssayHelping others is a oversized part of being a Christian. One of the commandments is Love thy neighbour so many Christians do what they rotter to help.Charities are a popular way of helping the poor. Both Christian and non-Christian charities provide a panoptic range of help for the poor and needy.Christian Aid was tog up in Britain and Ireland at the annihilate of the Second adult male War. Its main aims were to improve the quality of peoples lives, particularly those of refugees who were struggling to cope with the aftermath of World War Two. It also funded Churches to help repair damage caused by the war. ultimately Christian Aids cipher started to involve other countries. It now has an income of approximately 40 million a year, and there are 40 church servicees in the United Kingdom and Ireland who are part of Christian Aid. Most of the money, which they make through direct collections and don ations from members of the public and various churches, is put towards development work to help people in the long term. at that place are many other Christian charities that help in different ways. The Church of England Childrens society helps children in need. The Hospice Movement helps terminally ill people live out there life in a relaxed, caring environment making the experience less stressful for the patient and the patients family.Another famous Christian organisation is the Samaritans which was set up by Chad Varah, a priest. Chad Varah set up this organisation because horrified to demote out that 3 suicides took place every day in London. He believed that the best way to help someone who was contemplating committing suicide was to talk to them. He set up a phone in his church and advertised locally for advice for people who were feeling suicidal. Now The Samaritans deal with 2 250 000 calls a yearSir washbowl Templeton is a famous charitable Christian. He grew up in a poo r family on a farm in Tennessee. He was educated at both Yale and Oxford University and he became a financial adviser in New York. Throughout his life he gave 10% of his earnings (a process called tithing) to help the poor. Eventually he became very wealthy running a multimillion dollar investment company, where he successfully managed pecuniary resource for over two million people world wide. In 1972 he started the Templeton prize to be awarded for leave in religion. The Templeton prize is now worth more than the Noble Peace Prize. Fifteen years by and by he was knighted for services in philanthropy. In 1992, he sold his investment company for $400 million. He still gives money to support projects around the world.George Macleod is another famous charitable Christian. In 1938 he set up a Christian community on Iona, an island off of Scotland. He found volunteers to learn building, pock masonry and carpentry skills and together they rebuilt Ionas ruined abbey. After that he ope ned a centre to provide furnish for young people from across the world to live in a community. The people of this community cook, clean, tend and work away. When they are not working they pray. The people who live there feel it is better for everyone to circumstances and live in a close community than be rich and not.Oscar Romero was born in 1917. He became Archbishop of El Salvador in 1977. When he took his post his meekness encouraged the corrupt authorities to take service and step up there reign of terror against the church priests were murdered and tortured. When he witnessed the murder of a particular priest Romero began to think differently. He began to speak out against the government in his sermons. In litigate 1980 he was shot while speaking out against the government in a hospital chapel. He is seen as a great martyr, who took the greatest sacrifice for what he believed in.

Eng Compare and Contrast Essay Example for Free

Eng Comp atomic number 18 and Contrast EssayThis paper result be examining dickens theories on personality development Sigmund Freuds argument on the leash structures of personality and Albert Banduras findings on fond learning also called observational learning (Witt Mossler, 2010). Sigmund Freud the neurologist based his study on his grown moral patients small-arm Albert Bandura the psychologist based his theory on observing untested children within pre-set environss. Both Sigmund Freud and Albert Bandura have two different academic approaches to personality development. Sigmund Freud presented structured mental tendencies (Id, Ego and Super-ego) on personality development while on the other cash in ones chips Albert Bandura stressed on external influences. Both theories have credible separate as well as similar assumptions. A theory can be defined as, A coherent set of ideas that helps to explain data and make predictions (Santrock, 1989, p. 33).Santrock further explained that a theory makes assumptions that can be tested to determine their accuracy. Personality, according to the Oxford Dictionary from http//oxforddictionaries.com/definition/personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an single(a)s distinctive character. In other words it is the combination of mental, emotional and physical character traits that are peculiar to an individual. The Oxford Dictionary also defined development as A specified state of suppuration or advancement or a change in situation. Both Freuds and Banduras theories are based on personality development. Sigmund Freud presented an argument that mans personality is mainly governed by three different levels of consciousness or mental state the id, the ego and the super-ego. He argued that the id is a demanding inborn gist that makes a newborn to desire food, pass urine, defecate, be warm and gain internal diversion.He went on further to argue that the id demands immediate grat ification and personal pleasure. It usually wants satisfaction and is ruled by what Freud called the pleasure principle. Freud presented the argument that this kind of self-gratifying air in infants is inborn not learned. For example, a young child will shamelessly play with its genitals in pursuit of the pleasure it receives. This child will seek this sexual pleasure regardless of where he/she is, or who is watching because according to Freuds theory, the id is totally unconscious (Santrock, 1989, p. 34). plot of land on the other hand, Albert Bandura did not present any argument on the childrens inborn temperament (Witt Mossler, 2010). However, Bandura focused his study on how external forces such as caregivers and other children around them affected childrens behavior.He argued and demonstrated in his experiments that children carefully observed and modeled or copied the behavior of others around them. He went on further to suggest that those children who watched television a lso modeled the behavior that they witnessed on the screen. Dr. Bandura demonstrated in his experiment, how children learned and copied aggressive behavior towards a toy joke. He placed the clown along with some(prenominal) other toys and the children in a room. As part of the experiment, several adults walked through the room, each one bang the clown in passing. The children in the room, after observing the adult behavior, modeled it by hitting the clown without any prompting or provocation. Un manage Sigmund Freud, Albert Bandura had no medical explanation attached to his assumptions.Freuds adjoining level is the super-ego. It is the conscience that governs behavior that is socially accepted. It is the level that teaches humans to imitate the behavior of his/her caregivers within the environment (Witt Mossler, 2010, p. 5 chapter 2). Similarly Banduras social learning states that children imitate the adults around them. This means that their super-ego governs their behavior a lone as Freud claimed. This is illustrated when girls play dress-up to look just like their mothers and boys display aggressive behavior just like their fathers. This means that Freuds argument on super-ego which is formed through social learning is the same as Banduras observational learning (Witt Mossler, 2010). Freuds final mental level of personality is the conscious mentality named the ego it balances the demands of the id and the super-ego.According to Freud, the ego makes rational decisions (Santrock, 1989 p. 34). An example of this is a New Yorkers internal drive (id) to avoid buying a train ticket and jump over the turnstile at the subway station. The super-ego cautions against that behavior because of the probability of getting caught while the conscious, rational ego points away from the long line at the ticket counter and towards ticket vending machines that are available. The ego satisfies both the id (got on the train) and the super-ego (acted within the law). Simil arly, Banduras social learning theory speaks to conforming to social behavior within the childrens environment (Witt Mossler, 2010). In that the children in his experiments were conforming whether in a good or bad way the ego will resolve to the super-ego (good or evil).Therefore, it can be argued Sigmund Freud the medical doctor/neurologist who based his study on his mentally ill adult patients and Albert Bandura the psychologist who pre-set modeled behavior before young children both arrived at credible assumptions. In most parts, the assumptions have similarities despite Freuds medical approach as against Banduras psychological social environment approach. A significant contrast is the age difference of the subjects that they studied Freuds adults and Banduras young children. Dr. Sigmund Freud presented structured mental tendencies (Id, Ego and Super-ego) on personality development while on the other hand Dr. Albert Bandura stressed on external influences. Both theories have cr edible contrasting as well as similar assumptions.REFERENCEhttp//oxforddictionaries.com/definition/personalitySantrock, J. W. (1995). Life-Span Development. Dubuque, IA Brown BenchmarkWitt, G. A., Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult Development Life Assessment. San Diego, CA Bridgepoint Education Inc